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Tangmo
A Quick Change Device (also known as a quick coupler, quick-disconnect coupling, or automatic tool changer) is a mechanical interface that enables rapid, tool-less connection and disconnection between two components—typically a power source (prime mover) and an interchangeable tool, attachment, or hydraulic/electrical line.
Unlike traditional bolted or threaded connections that require wrenches and significant downtime, quick change devices use latching mechanisms, bayonet fittings, or automatic locking systems to achieve secure attachment in seconds. They are widely used in construction equipment (excavator attachments), industrial automation (robotic end-of-arm tooling), fluid power systems (hydraulic/pneumatic lines), and machine tools (spindle tool changers).
Quick change devices generally consist of two mating halves:
| Component | Description |
|---|---|
| Master / Base / Female half | Permanently attached to the driving machine (excavator arm, robot wrist, hydraulic hose end) |
| Tool / Adapter / Male half | Permanently attached to the interchangeable tool (bucket, gripper, hydraulic cylinder) |
Connection sequence:
The operator (or automation system) aligns the two halves
The male half is inserted into the female half
A locking mechanism (spring-loaded pins, hydraulic wedges, ball detents, or threaded collar) engages automatically or via manual actuation
For multi-line systems, fluid ports and electrical contacts align and seal simultaneously
Upon disconnection, automatic shut-off valves in hydraulic/pneumatic versions immediately seal the fluid paths, preventing spillage and contamination .
Designed for connecting and disconnecting fluid lines under pressure or zero pressure.
Used on excavators, wheel loaders, and demolition machines to change buckets, hammers, shears, and grapples.
Used on industrial robots for automatic gripper or tool exchange.
For rapid connection/disconnection of power and signal circuits in harsh environments.
| Parameter | Hydraulic Coupler | Heavy Equipment Coupler | Robotic Coupler |
|---|---|---|---|
| Flow rate | Up to 150+ L/min | Up to 400+ L/min | N/A (pneumatic: 200+ L/min) |
| Pressure rating | 350–700 bar (5,000–10,000 psi) | 350 bar (5,000 psi) | 8–10 bar (pneumatic) |
| Electrical capacity | N/A | Optional (up to 30 pins) | 15 W–500 W + signal |
| Locking force | N/A | 10–50+ tons retention | 500–5,000 N |
| Weight | 0.1–5 kg | 50–500 kg | 0.5–10 kg |
| Connection time | <5 seconds | <30 seconds (manual) / <5 sec (auto) | <2 seconds |
Prevents fluid loss during connection/disconnection
Eliminates air ingress into the system
Spring-loaded or hydraulic wedge locks engage automatically upon full insertion
Sensors (inductive, magnetic) confirm locked status to control system
Secondary mechanical lock provides fail-safe retention
Combines hydraulic, electrical, and pneumatic lines in a single coupler body
Eliminates separate connections for each utility line
Reduces changeover time from minutes to seconds
Wiper seals and protective caps on unmated halves
Encapsulated springs and sealed bearings prevent debris ingress
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